Resumen La reconversión de la agricultura, demanda alternativas sustentables entre los que destacan el uso de hongos rizosféricos =hongos micorrízicos arbusculares (HMA) y las rizobacterias promotoras del crecimiento vegetal (Rpcv). El objetivo general de la presente investigación consistió en evaluar consorcios de hongos micorrízicos y rizobacterias como control biológico vs Phythopthora capsici, en cultivares de chile (Capsicum annuum L.). Se evaluaron 23 genotipos de chiles. Los HMA que conformaron el consorcio fueron: seis cepas de Rhizophagus intraradices. Asimismo, se incluyeron cuatro Rpcv, dos del género Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter guillouiae y Aeromona caviae. Los tratamientos de estudio fueron cuatro: T1= Testigo (Sin aporte nutrimental (agua)), T2= Consorcio = (mezcla) de los seis HMA, T3= Consorcio de seis HMA más el consorcio de cuatro Rpcv, T4= Fertilización química a base una solución nutrimental. Se incrementó la resistencia de plantas al ataque de P. capsici, resultando en una reducción en su capacidad de ataque, en plantas de 23 cultivares de chile. Los cultivares de chiles tipo Pasilla y tipo Guajillo, presentaron la mayor resistencia al ataque de P. capsici, cuando fueron inoculados con HMA+Rpcv, mientras que los chiles tipo Serrano, Puya y Jalapeño, fueron los de mayor susceptibilidad al ataque del hongo fitopatógeno.

Abstract The reconversion of agriculture demands sustainable alternatives, among which the use of rhizospheric fungi = arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (Rpcv) stand out. The general objective of the present investigation was to evaluate consortiums of mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobacteria as biological control vs Phythopthora capsici, in cultivars of 23 genotypes of chili peppers. The AMF that made up the consortium were: six strains of Rhizophagus intraradices. Likewise, four strains of Rpcv, three of the Pseudomonas genus, Acinetobacter guillouiae and Aeromona caviae. The study treatments were four: T1 = Control (No nutritional contribution (water)), T2 = Consortium = (mixture) of the six AMF, T3 = Consortium of six AMF plus the consortium of four Rpcv, T4 = Chemical fertilization based on a nutrient solution. The plants resistance to the P. capsici attack increased, resulting in a reduction in the fungus attack capacity in plants of 23 cultivars of chile. The Pasilla-type and Guajillo-type chili cultivars presented the highest resistance to the attack of P. capsici, when inoculated with AMF + Rpcv, while the Serrano, Puya and Jalapeño-type chilies were the ones with the highest susceptibility to the attack of the phytopathogenic fungus.

Abstract Rice bran oil (RBO) contains oryzanol and tocopherols. Its recovery was performed using conventional techniques with toxic solvents that leave residues in the final product. Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) has been used, obtaining high global yields without residual solvent. This work proposes to use ultrasound to enhance the kinetics of the RBO extraction using supercritical CO2. The factors considered were ultrasound power (160 to 320 W) and sonication time (40 to 120 min), at 40 ºC and 25 MPa. The best condition (160 W / 40 min) resulted in a 12.65 wt% extraction yield. When ultrasound was not used, the global yield dropped to 9.94 wt%, representing an increase of 27% of global yield due to ultrasound application. This increase can be assigned to the vibration effect promoted by the ultrasonic waves at the interfaces between the solid matrix and solvent. The extracts showed antioxidant activity towards the DPPH radical achieving values around 70% of inhibition. Precursors of oryzanol (campesterol, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol and 4-methylenecycloartanol) were identified in the SC-CO2 + US extracts. The results presented herein showed that SC-CO2 + US is a promising technology to be employed for the extraction of bioactive compounds.